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      Nicotine salts - What you need to know

      Nicotine salts - What you need to know

      Posted by E-Liquids Superstore ·

      WITHIN THE TOBACCO PLANT

      NICOTINE OCCURS LARGELY IN 2 FORMS:

      DIPROTONATED1

      MONOROTONATED1

      DIPROTONATED1

      MONOROTONATED1

      THEY ARE IONIC FORMS OF NICOTINE AKA NICOTINE SALTS2

      source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK53014/

      IN MOST E-LIQUIDS AND CIGARETTE SMOKE

      NICOTINE OCCURS MAINLY IN 1 FORM:

      UNROTONATED1

      UNROTONATED1

      THIS IS NICOTINE IN ITS FREEBASE FORM3

      1

      IN CHEMISTRY, PROTONATION IS THE ADDITION OF A PROTON (H+) TO AN ATOM, MOLECULE OR ION.

      DEPROTONATION IS THE REMOVAL OF A PROTON (H+).

      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protonation

      2

      IN CHEMISTRY, A SALT IS THE RESULT OF A REACTION BETWEEN AN ACID AND A BASE (ALSO NAMED ALKALI) CALLED NEUTRALISATION.

      https://www.britannica.com/science/salt- acid-base-reactions

      3

      THIS MEANS THE NICOTINE MOLECULE IS NOW FREE FROM THE PROTONS IT GAINED FROM THE REACTION WITH ACIDS. IT CAN BE DONE BY ADDING A BASIC FLUID TO THE SOLUTION LIKE AMMONIA.

      3 NICOTINE FORMS, VERY DIFFERENT pH

      THE HIGHER THE pH, THE BETTER ABSORPTION BUT IT ALSO BECOMES HARSHER4

      source: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/nicotine

      4

      IN CIGARETTES, HARSHNESS IS BALANCED WITH USE OF ANESTHESIANT CHEMICALS THESE ARE NOT ALLOWED FOR
      E-LIQUID MANUFACTURE. TO REDUCE HARSHNESS, E-LIQUIDS NEEDS LESS NICOTINE

      NIC-SALTS E-LIQUIDS

      UNROTONATED1

      ORGANIC ACID

      • BENZOIC ACID
      • CITRIC ACID
      • SACCHARIC ACID
        ...

      UNROTONATED1

      ORGANIC ACID

      • BENZOIC ACID
      • CITRIC ACID
      • SACCHARIC ACID
        ...

      Depending on the acid used in the ionisation of nicotine, the pH levels vary. With the right formula, a smooth hit is possible with higher nicotine levels whilst maintaining quick absorption.

      source: http://www.vaporclassification.com/reports/NICOTINE_SALTS_E-LIQUID.pdf

      source: patent US 20150020824 A1: Nicotine salt formulations for aerosol devices and methods thereof

      SALT NICOTINE

      LOWER POWERED DEVICES

      SMOOTH AT HIGH LEVELS
      EFFICIENT TO QUIT SMOKING
      LONGER SHELF LIFE

      MTL VAPING ONLY
      LESS OPTIONS ON THE MARKET
      MORE EXPENSIVE BY VOLUME

      FREEBASE NICOTINE

      HIGHER POWERED DEVICES

      LESS EXPENSIVE BY VOLUME
      SUITABLE FOR ALL VAPING STYLES
      MORE FLAVOURS AVAILABLE

      FASTER OXIDATION
      TO BE AVOIDED AT HIGH LEVELS
      SLOWER ABSORPTION

      SOURCES:

       

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